India Reports First Case of Deadly Mpox Clade 1 Strain

In a concerning development, India has reported its first case of the Mpox (monkeypox) Clade 1 strain, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency earlier this year. The patient, a 38-year-old man from Malappuram, Kerala, recently returned from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and is currently undergoing treatment.

The Clade 1 strain of Mpox, historically found in the Congo Basin in central Africa, is generally more severe than the Clade 2 strain previously reported in India. It has higher rates of complications such as encephalitis, pneumonia, respiratory distress, and secondary bacterial infections. The mortality rate associated with Clade 1 is also much higher, at around 3%, compared to the 0.2% mortality rate of the Clade 2 strain.

The detection of the Clade 1 strain in India is particularly concerning as it has been spreading rapidly in African nations, leading to a surge in cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The WHO's decision to issue its highest level of emergency alert was largely influenced by the spread of Clade 1b and its detection in neighboring countries.

The Indian government has taken immediate steps to contain the situation. The patient is currently isolated at a designated tertiary care facility and is reported to be clinically stable. Contact tracing and monitoring measures are actively in place to ensure the virus does not spread further.

The Health Ministry has also written to all states and union territories, directing healthcare workers, especially those working in skin/STD clinics, to be made aware of the common signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis, and actions to be taken following the detection of a case.

India's experience with the Clade 2 strain of Mpox, with 31 cases reported since 2022, has provided valuable lessons in managing the disease. The country has established protocols for isolation, clinical management, and treatment of complications. However, the emergence of the deadlier Clade 1 strain necessitates a renewed focus on preparedness and vigilance.

The detection of the Mpox Clade 1 strain in India is a wake-up call for the country to strengthen its disease surveillance and response mechanisms. With the potential for severe complications and higher mortality rates, it is crucial that the government works closely with healthcare providers and the public to contain the spread of this deadly virus. By learning from past experiences and implementing robust measures, India can effectively manage this public health challenge and protect its citizens from the threat of Mpox Clade 1.